In 2020 and 2021, formal 'sit-down' school exams in England were cancelled because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Students, though, still needed to be recognised for their learning over many years of schooling, and to be able to progress to their next stage of education, or employment. How could students be awarded fair grades? That's a question that, with hindsight, the government botched. Many of the problems, though, were evident at the time, and far better answers were quite p